Fitzbio Research HubEducational content only — not medical advice

Reproductive research

Kisspeptin-10

A peptide studied in reproductive neuroendocrinology and GnRH signalling.

30 connected records30 graded citations0 external identifiers

Research context

A peptide studied in reproductive neuroendocrinology and GnRH signalling.

Regulatory note: Verify local laws, product approval and professional guidance before any human use. This profile is not a recommendation for use.

Evidence map

Claims linked to original records.

Evidence levels describe study design. They do not by themselves establish safety or effectiveness.

Not yet classified

Barbosa EM, Rodrigues NP, Santos BR, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva TQM, Oliveira CL, Santos LC, Cunha MCDSG, Serakides R, Silva JF

Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.

pubmed
Not yet classified

Netesa MA, Pyurveev SS, Lebedev AA, Bychkov ER, Skorb EV, Shityakov S, Shabanov PD

Structural basis for Kisspeptin-10 selectivity toward KISS1R: computational insights.

pubmed 2026
Not yet classified

Jaldhi, Kumar S, Shanker OR, Banerjee J, Dixit AB, Maurya SK, Bakshi A

Kisspeptin System: A Modulator of Neuroinflammation and Behaviour in Temporal Lobe Epileptic Rats.

pubmed
Not yet classified

Yeung AC, Phylactou M, Koysombat K, Tsoutsouki J, Nyunt SW, Young M, Patel AH, Daniels E, Pierret ACS, Mills EG, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Dhillo WS

Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy men.

pubmed
Not yet classified

Robert V, Lomet D, Dardente H, Aucagne V, Beltramo M

The kisspeptin analog C6 elicits greater tachyphylaxis and transcriptional activation than kisspeptin-10 and -54.

pubmed 2026
Not yet classified

Banerjee AA, Bhanarkar SR, Kashikar S, Keshwani R, Walia S, Kavya DR, Bombe S, Pande S, Modi DN, Pathak BR, Joshi B, Tandon D, Patil A, Begum S, Mahale SD, Rao S, Surve SV

Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.

pubmed
Not yet classified

Shah H, Thomas A, Pandya P

Exogenous Kisspeptin-10 inhibits ovarian cancer progression through targeting the SP1-hTERT-ZEB1 regulatory axis.

pubmed 2026
Clinical trial

This study utilizes infusions of kisspeptin in healthy women to isolate the impact of kisspeptin on beta-cell responsivity assessed by the mixed meal tolerance test.

Evaluation of Kisspeptin Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion With Physiologic Mixed Meal Tolerance

clinicaltrials 2020
Clinical trial

The present study was designed to assess the responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis to kisspeptin administration with increasing age in men.

Age-dependent Changes in the Responsiveness of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Men

clinicaltrials 2017
Clinical trial

The specific objective of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of Kisspeptin receptor 1 (KISS1R) by determining the responsiveness of GnRH neuron to kisspeptin administration across the pubertal stages and adult group through measuring plasma LH (luteinizing hormone) and testosterone concentrations.

Link Between the Sensitivity of Kisspeptin Signalling and Pubertal Onset in Boys.

clinicaltrials 2017
Clinical trial

The goal of this study is to understand how exogenous kisspeptin affects metabolism by evaluating responses to an hyperglycemic clamp

Evaluation of Kisspeptin Stimulated Insulin Secretion With Hyperglycemic Clamp

clinicaltrials 2022
Clinical trial

Induction of insulin secretion by kisspeptin is observed in mouse, pig, rat, and human islets in vitro and in rats, mice and monkeys in vivo, but its mechanism is not fully clear. The present study was designed to investigate the role of KP-10 on insulin...

KP-10 and Insulin Secretion in Men

clinicaltrials 2018
Not yet classified

Spratt JA, Tanday N, McGinn DM, Chukwu CD, Gault VA, Irwin N

Enzymatic Stability and Comparative Effects of Kisspeptin-14, Kisspeptin-13 and Kisspeptin-10 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation.

pubmed
Not yet classified

Spratt JA, Tanday N, McGinn DM, Chukwu CD, Gault VA, Irwin N · Metabolites

Enzymatic Stability and Comparative Effects of Kisspeptin-14, Kisspeptin-13 and Kisspeptin-10 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation.

pmc 2026
Not yet classified

Barbosa EM, Rodrigues NP, Santos BR, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva TQM, Oliveira CL, Santos LC, Cunha MCDSG, Serakides R, Silva JF · Cardiovascular toxicology

Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.

pmc
Not yet classified

Radwańska P, Olkiewicz M, Piera L, Drobnik J · Pharmacological reports : PR

Kisspeptin-10 regulates glycosaminoglycan and decorin content in human cardiac fibroblast cultures.

pmc 2026
Not yet classified

Naveed A, Lippincott MF, Stamou M, Balasubramanian R, Bryant NK, Seminara SB · Hormones (Athens, Greece)

Dynamic modulation of LH secretion by continuous kisspeptin infusion in healthy men.

pmc
Not yet classified

Gyokova E, Hristova-Atanasova E, Dimitrova K · International journal of molecular sciences

The KISS1/KISS1R Axis in Human Placentation: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Foetal Growth Restriction and Pre-Eclampsia.

pmc
Not yet classified

Szysiak N, Kosior-Korzecka U, Greguła-Kania M, Patkowski K, Fila M, Junkuszew A · Journal of veterinary research

Relationship between kisspeptin-10, neurokinin B and dynorphin A in the course of normal and delayed puberty in ewes.

pmc 2026
Not yet classified

Chiang CM, Chiu HY, Chang CS, Chien YY, Jong DS, Wu LS, Chiu CH · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

Role of kisspeptin on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in luteal cells in vitro and in vivo.

pmc
Not yet classified

Santos BR, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, Oliveira CS, Alvarez MCPS, Rodrigues NP, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Serakides R, Silva JF · Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)

Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.

pmc 2026
Not yet classified

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

Fig. 1. Number of runs between arms in the elevated plus maze test. Intact — intact group of mice without any treatment; Sat. r. VB — intraperitoneal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; Sat. r. IN — intranasal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; Kisspeptin IN 0.1 — intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 0.1 μg; Kisspeptin IN 1 — intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 1 μg; Kisspeptin IN 10 — intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 10 μg; Kisspeptin VB 1 — intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 1 μg; Kisspeptin VB 10 — intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 10 μg; Kisspeptin VB 100 — intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 100 μg. *p <0.05; **p <0.01 — differences between intact and experimental animals.

crossref
Not yet classified

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

Fig. 1. Number of arm entries in the elevated plus maze. Intact, intact group of animals without intervention; NaCl IP, intraperitoneal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; NaCl IN, intranasal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; kisspeptin 0.1 IN, intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 0.1 µg; kisspeptin 1 IN, intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 1 µg; kisspeptin 10 IN, intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 10 µg; kisspeptin 1 IP, intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 1 µg; kisspeptin 10 IP, intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 10 µg; kisspeptin 100 IP, intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 100 µg.*р < 0.05; **р < 0.01, differences between intact and experimental animals.

crossref
Not yet classified

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

Fig. 1. Animal behavior in the sexual motivation test following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and kisspeptin-10: a, latency period; b, number of approaches to the female. 1, intact (intact group of animals without intervention); 2, i.p. kisspeptin 1 (intraperitoneal injection of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 1 µg); 3, i.p. kisspeptin 10 (intraperitoneal injection of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 10 µg); 4, i.p. kisspeptin 100 (intraperitoneal injection of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 100 µg); 5, i.p. saline (intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution). Data are presented as M ± m. *p ≤ 0.05, difference between the kisspeptin-10 group and the intact group.

crossref
Not yet classified

Svaty Sachania, Naushin Nawar, Aaron Ghelut, Waljit Dhillo, Kim C Jonas · Bioscientifica

Are all kisspeptins equal? The effect of kisspeptin 10 and kisspeptin 54 on kisspeptin-mediated signalling

crossref 2019
Not yet classified

· American Chemical Society (ACS)

Cross-Linking Furan-Modified Kisspeptin-10 to the KISS Receptor

crossref
Not yet classified

Elena Schmidt · University Goettingen Repository

Kisspeptin-10 - ein potenzieller Inhibitor der Invasion humaner Endometriumkarzinomzellen

crossref
Not yet classified

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

Fig. 2. Number of mounts per female. 1, means intact controls; 2, means restraint stress without drug introduction; 3, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasally (single introduction); 4, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneally (single introduction); 5, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasally (5-day introduction course); 6, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneally (5-day introduction course). ##p < 0.01 relative to animal group exposed to restraint stress; ***p < 0.001 relative to intact controls.

crossref
Not yet classified

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

Fig. 1. Effect of intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 on the level of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus of animals with posttraumatic stress disorder induced by restraint stress or vital stress. Here and in Figs. 2 and 3: 1, intact control; 2, restraint stress; 3, restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasal (5-day treatment course); 4, restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneal (5-day treatment course); 5, vital stress; 6, vital stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasal (5-day treatment course); 7, vital stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneal (5-day treatment course). *p = 0.0468 vs. the intact control group; #p = 0.0246 vs. the restraint stress group; $p = 0.0002 vs. the vital stress group.

crossref
Not yet classified

Mazzarino M, Colpaert T, Deventer K, Van Eenoo P

Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.

pubmed

Connected data hub

Records with source provenance.

Reviewed records carry an admin-reviewed badge. Automated records link back to the provider for independent checking.

Clinical Trial

5 records
clinicaltrialsAdmin reviewed

Evaluation of Kisspeptin Stimulated Insulin Secretion With Hyperglycemic Clamp

The goal of this study is to understand how exogenous kisspeptin affects metabolism by evaluating responses to an hyperglycemic clamp

NCT054568542022-07-08
clinicaltrialsAdmin reviewed

Evaluation of Kisspeptin Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion With Physiologic Mixed Meal Tolerance

This study utilizes infusions of kisspeptin in healthy women to isolate the impact of kisspeptin on beta-cell responsivity assessed by the mixed meal tolerance test.

NCT045328012020-08-23
clinicaltrialsAdmin reviewed

KP-10 and Insulin Secretion in Men

Induction of insulin secretion by kisspeptin is observed in mouse, pig, rat, and human islets in vitro and in rats, mice and monkeys in vivo, but its mechanism is not fully clear. The present study was designed to...

NCT037713262018-12-04
clinicaltrialsAdmin reviewed

Age-dependent Changes in the Responsiveness of Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in Men

The present study was designed to assess the responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis to kisspeptin administration with increasing age in men.

NCT033153252017-09-30
clinicaltrialsAdmin reviewed

Link Between the Sensitivity of Kisspeptin Signalling and Pubertal Onset in Boys.

The specific objective of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of Kisspeptin receptor 1 (KISS1R) by determining the responsiveness of GnRH neuron to kisspeptin administration across the pubertal stages and adult group through measuring plasma LH (luteinizing...

NCT032865172017-09-11

Publication

9 records
pubmedAutomated import

The kisspeptin analog C6 elicits greater tachyphylaxis and transcriptional activation than kisspeptin-10 and -54.

Robert V, Lomet D, Dardente H, Aucagne V, Beltramo M

423794942026-10-01
pubmedAutomated import

Structural basis for Kisspeptin-10 selectivity toward KISS1R: computational insights.

Netesa MA, Pyurveev SS, Lebedev AA, Bychkov ER, Skorb EV, Shityakov S, Shabanov PD

427075582026-09-27
pubmedAutomated import

Exogenous Kisspeptin-10 inhibits ovarian cancer progression through targeting the SP1-hTERT-ZEB1 regulatory axis.

Shah H, Thomas A, Pandya P

422923132026-08-01
pubmedAutomated import

Enzymatic Stability and Comparative Effects of Kisspeptin-14, Kisspeptin-13 and Kisspeptin-10 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation.

Spratt JA, Tanday N, McGinn DM, Chukwu CD, Gault VA, Irwin N

4278381127 Sep 2026
pubmedAutomated import

Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.

Barbosa EM, Rodrigues NP, Santos BR, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva TQM, Oliveira CL, Santos LC, Cunha MCDSG, Serakides R, Silva JF

4272615227 Sep 2026
pubmedAutomated import

Kisspeptin System: A Modulator of Neuroinflammation and Behaviour in Temporal Lobe Epileptic Rats.

Jaldhi, Kumar S, Shanker OR, Banerjee J, Dixit AB, Maurya SK, Bakshi A

4268094727 Sep 2026
pubmedAutomated import

Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy men.

Yeung AC, Phylactou M, Koysombat K, Tsoutsouki J, Nyunt SW, Young M, Patel AH, Daniels E, Pierret ACS, Mills EG, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Dhillo WS

4254982727 Sep 2026
pubmedAutomated import

Kisspeptin-10/basal LH ratio improves differentiation of central precocious puberty and premature thelarche.

Banerjee AA, Bhanarkar SR, Kashikar S, Keshwani R, Walia S, Kavya DR, Bombe S, Pande S, Modi DN, Pathak BR, Joshi B, Tandon D, Patil A, Begum S, Mahale SD, Rao S, Surve SV

4236489127 Sep 2026
pubmedAutomated import

Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.

Mazzarino M, Colpaert T, Deventer K, Van Eenoo P

4232873827 Sep 2026

Open Access Article

8 records
pmcAutomated import

Enzymatic Stability and Comparative Effects of Kisspeptin-14, Kisspeptin-13 and Kisspeptin-10 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation.

Spratt JA, Tanday N, McGinn DM, Chukwu CD, Gault VA, Irwin N · Metabolites

PMC136095502026-09-01
pmcAutomated import

Kisspeptin-10 regulates glycosaminoglycan and decorin content in human cardiac fibroblast cultures.

Radwańska P, Olkiewicz M, Piera L, Drobnik J · Pharmacological reports : PR

PMC134376592026-08-01
pmcAutomated import

Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.

Santos BR, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, Oliveira CS, Alvarez MCPS, Rodrigues NP, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Serakides R, Silva JF · Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)

PMC129608372026-04-01
pmcAutomated import

Relationship between kisspeptin-10, neurokinin B and dynorphin A in the course of normal and delayed puberty in ewes.

Szysiak N, Kosior-Korzecka U, Greguła-Kania M, Patkowski K, Fila M, Junkuszew A · Journal of veterinary research

PMC130547532026-03-01
pmcAutomated import

Maternal Kisspeptin-10 Treatment Partially Rescues Fetal and Postnatal Cardiac Programming Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism.

Barbosa EM, Rodrigues NP, Santos BR, Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, da Silva TQM, Oliveira CL, Santos LC, Cunha MCDSG, Serakides R, Silva JF · Cardiovascular toxicology

PMC1356955927 Sep 2026
pmcAutomated import

Dynamic modulation of LH secretion by continuous kisspeptin infusion in healthy men.

Naveed A, Lippincott MF, Stamou M, Balasubramanian R, Bryant NK, Seminara SB · Hormones (Athens, Greece)

PMC1338688827 Sep 2026
pmcAutomated import

The KISS1/KISS1R Axis in Human Placentation: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Foetal Growth Restriction and Pre-Eclampsia.

Gyokova E, Hristova-Atanasova E, Dimitrova K · International journal of molecular sciences

PMC1316418627 Sep 2026
pmcAutomated import

Role of kisspeptin on cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in luteal cells in vitro and in vivo.

Chiang CM, Chiu HY, Chang CS, Chien YY, Jong DS, Wu LS, Chiu CH · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA

PMC1296617527 Sep 2026

Scholarly Work

8 records
crossrefAutomated import

Are all kisspeptins equal? The effect of kisspeptin 10 and kisspeptin 54 on kisspeptin-mediated signalling

Svaty Sachania, Naushin Nawar, Aaron Ghelut, Waljit Dhillo, Kim C Jonas · Bioscientifica

10.1530/endoabs.65.p3562019-11-06
crossrefAutomated import

Fig. 1. Number of runs between arms in the elevated plus maze test. Intact — intact group of mice without any treatment; Sat. r. VB — intraperitoneal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; Sat. r. IN — intranasal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; Kisspeptin IN 0.1 — intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 0.1 μg; Kisspeptin IN 1 — intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 1 μg; Kisspeptin IN 10 — intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 10 μg; Kisspeptin VB 1 — intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 1 μg; Kisspeptin VB 10 — intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 10 μg; Kisspeptin VB 100 — intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dosage of 100 μg. *p <0.05; **p <0.01 — differences between intact and experimental animals.

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

10.17816/rcf676528-437334827 Sep 2026
crossrefAutomated import

Fig. 1. Number of arm entries in the elevated plus maze. Intact, intact group of animals without intervention; NaCl IP, intraperitoneal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; NaCl IN, intranasal administration of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; kisspeptin 0.1 IN, intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 0.1 µg; kisspeptin 1 IN, intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 1 µg; kisspeptin 10 IN, intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 10 µg; kisspeptin 1 IP, intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 1 µg; kisspeptin 10 IP, intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 10 µg; kisspeptin 100 IP, intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 100 µg.*р < 0.05; **р < 0.01, differences between intact and experimental animals.

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

10.17816/rcf676528-437932127 Sep 2026
crossrefAutomated import

Fig. 1. Animal behavior in the sexual motivation test following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and kisspeptin-10: a, latency period; b, number of approaches to the female. 1, intact (intact group of animals without intervention); 2, i.p. kisspeptin 1 (intraperitoneal injection of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 1 µg); 3, i.p. kisspeptin 10 (intraperitoneal injection of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 10 µg); 4, i.p. kisspeptin 100 (intraperitoneal injection of kisspeptin-10 at a dose of 100 µg); 5, i.p. saline (intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution). Data are presented as M ± m. *p ≤ 0.05, difference between the kisspeptin-10 group and the intact group.

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

10.17816/rcf678960-439446327 Sep 2026
crossrefAutomated import

Cross-Linking Furan-Modified Kisspeptin-10 to the KISS Receptor

· American Chemical Society (ACS)

10.1021/acschembio.7b00396.s00127 Sep 2026
crossrefAutomated import

Kisspeptin-10 - ein potenzieller Inhibitor der Invasion humaner Endometriumkarzinomzellen

Elena Schmidt · University Goettingen Repository

10.53846/goediss-435327 Sep 2026
crossrefAutomated import

Fig. 2. Number of mounts per female. 1, means intact controls; 2, means restraint stress without drug introduction; 3, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasally (single introduction); 4, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneally (single introduction); 5, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasally (5-day introduction course); 6, means restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneally (5-day introduction course). ##p < 0.01 relative to animal group exposed to restraint stress; ***p < 0.001 relative to intact controls.

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

10.17816/maj630598-437601327 Sep 2026
crossrefAutomated import

Fig. 1. Effect of intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of kisspeptin-10 on the level of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus of animals with posttraumatic stress disorder induced by restraint stress or vital stress. Here and in Figs. 2 and 3: 1, intact control; 2, restraint stress; 3, restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasal (5-day treatment course); 4, restraint stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneal (5-day treatment course); 5, vital stress; 6, vital stress + kisspeptin-10 intranasal (5-day treatment course); 7, vital stress + kisspeptin-10 intraperitoneal (5-day treatment course). *p = 0.0468 vs. the intact control group; #p = 0.0246 vs. the restraint stress group; $p = 0.0002 vs. the vital stress group.

· ECO-Vector LLC (Publications)

10.17816/rcf691851-439446627 Sep 2026

Live discovery

Latest research signals

Live results from PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and UniProt. These may not yet have been reviewed or stored in the Data Hub.

Responsible use of information

Fitzbio provides educational and research reference material. It does not diagnose, prescribe or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional.