Protocol context, with the source attached.

BPC-157: BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice. It has demonstrated pro-angiogenic, cytoprotective, and tissue-regenerative effects in multiple preclinical models of musculoskeletal injury, including tendon and ligament healing. Although widely discussed in experimental and anecdotal contexts, BPC-157 has not undergone formal human clinical trials and remains an investigational compound not approved by the FDA. This study is designed to explore its potential role in promoting tendon regeneration and functional recovery in a postoperative orthopaedic setting. Sham (No Treatment): Participants in this group will not receive any active treatment or placebo injections. This sham group serves as a no-treatment control to evaluate the natural course of postoperative recovery following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without investigational intervention. Participants will continue to receive standard postoperative...

Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: subcutaneous injection (administered by trained study staff). Schedule: once daily for 14 days.

Placebo: subcutaneous injection (administered by trained study staff). Schedule: once daily for 14 days.

Bepecin: Phase 1a: Healthy volunteers will take a single dose of 1, 3 or 6 tablets by mouth of PCO-02 containing 1 mg of Bepecin to study safety and pharmacokinetics.

Phase 1b: All subjects will take 3 tablets of PCO-02 containing 1 mg of Bepecin every 8 hours during two weeks, to study safety and pharmacokinetics.

Placebo: Phase 1 a: Healthy volunteers will take a single dose of 1, 3 or 6 tablets by mouth of PCO-03 (placebo) as a control group.

Phase 1b: All subjects will take 3 tablets of PCO-03 (placebo) every 8 hours during two weeks, as a control group.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Placebo matched to cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Placebo (matched to Cagrilintide): Placebo matched to Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide B: Cagrilintide B will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide D: Cagrilintide D will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrisema: Cagrisema (Cagrilintide and Semaglutide) will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide is administered subcutaneously .

Placebo Cagrilintide: Placebo Cagrilintide is administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide D: Cagrilintide D will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide B and placebo semaglutide I: Cagrilintide B and placebo semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive Cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrisema: Cagrisema (Cagrilintide and Semaglutide) will be administered subcutaneously using device 1 or device 2.

Placebo CagriSema: Placebo matched to Cagrilintide and Placebo matched to Semaglutide will be administered subcutaneously using device 1 or device 2.

CagriSema: Cagrilintide and Semaglutide will be administered subcutaneously using device 1 or device 2.

Placebo CagriSema: Placebo matched to Cagrilintide and Placebo matched to Semaglutide will be administered subcutaneously using device 1 or device 2.

CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Placebo matched to CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): Placebo matched to Cagrilintide B and Placebo matched to Semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously with a pen-injector as an adjunt to lifestyle intervention counselling.

Placebo: Placebo matched to cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously with a pen-injector as an adjunt to lifestyle intervention counselling.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously with a pen-injector as an adjunt to lifestyle intervention counselling.

Placebo (matched to Cagrilintide): Placebo matched to cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously with a pen-injector as an adjunt to lifestyle intervention counselling.

CagriSema (Cagrilintide B + semaglutide I): Cagrilintide and semaglutide will be administered subcutaneously.

CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I) will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Placebo matched to CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): Placebo matched to Cagrilintide B and placebo matched to Semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Placebo matched to CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): Placebo matched to Cagrilintide B and Placebo matched to Semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide B: Participants will be randomized to receive Cagrilintide B administered as subcutaneous (s.c. under the skin) injection.

Single ascending dose (SAD) will be injected for Part A cohorts and multiple ascending doses (MAD) will be injected for Part B cohorts.

CagriSema (cagrilintide B and semaglutide I): Cagrilintide and semaglutide will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

CagriSema A: Cagrilintide and semaglutide will be administered subcutaneously using PDS290 pen-injector.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide + semaglutide: Administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide placebo: Administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive once-weekly placebo matched to cagrilintide and semaglutide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide and semaglutide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide and semaglutide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously once weekly.

Cagrilintide and Semaglutide: Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of Cagrilintide and Semaglutide.

Placebo: Participants will receive subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of placebo matched to Cagrilintide and Semaglutide.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive Cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide or placebo matched to semaglutide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive once-weekly s.c injection of cagrilintide at escalating doses every week until maintenance dose 1 and dose 2 of cagrilintide is reached.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive 2.4 mg cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Placebo Cagrilintide: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive 2.4 mg cagrilintide s.c. OW after a dose escalation period of 16 weeks for 52 weeks

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive 0.6 mg subcutaneous injections of cagrilintide once weekly and the dose will be then escalated once in 2 weeks for 8 weeks until the target maintenance dose of 4.5 mg is reached followed by a 38-day post-treatment period.

Cagrilintide Placebo: Participants will receive cagrilintide placebo subcutaneously once weekly.

Cagrilintide: Participants will receive cagrilintide s.c. once-weekly after a dose escalation period of 16 weeks for 219 weeks.

Placebo: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide and placebo matched to semaglutide subcutaneously.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously.

Placebo cagrilintide: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide will be administered subcutaneously in the abdomen in the form of a solution for injection as well as intravenously in the form of solution for injection.

Cagrilintide: Cagrilintide administered subcutaneously (s.c., under the skin) once-weekly

Placebo cagrilintide: Placebo cagrilintide administered subcutaneously (s.c., under the skin) once-weekly

Cagrilintide 2.4 mg: Cagrilintide administered s.c. (subcutaneously, under the skin) once weekly. Participants will gradually increase the dose until they reach the target dose, and will continue on the this dose once weekly up to 32 weeks

Placebo (cagrilintide): Placebo (cagrilintide) administered s.c. (subcutaneously, under the skin) once weekly.

Participants will gradually increase the dose until they reach the target dose, and will continue on the this dose once weekly up to 32 weeks

Cagrilintide: Once weekly doses of cagrilintide gradually increased to 1.7 mg over 14 weeks and 2.4 mg s.c. for 2 weeks

Cagrilintide and semaglutide: Cagrilintide and semaglutide combined and administered using the DV3384 manual syringe

Cerebrolysin treatment: The patients will receive Cerebrolysin treatment, 10 days consecutively, 30 ml/day, intravenous infusion diluted up to 100 ml of 0.9% saline in 15 minutes.

14-day Cerebrolysin treatment: 14-day cerebrolysin treatment initiated within 6 hours of onset of stroke

Cerebrolyisin: This intervention uses Cerebrolysin, which is a treatment aimed at improving language abilities and providing neuroprotection for patients with non-fluent aphasia following a stroke. Cerebrolysin is administered via intravenous injection, with the goal of improving language skills and promoting brain function recovery. The treatment is evaluated based on improvements in language abilities, neurological function recovery, and safety.

Placebo: The placebo is administered alongside standard language therapy to the patients with non-fluent aphasia following a stroke. This allows for comparison with the Cerebrolysin group to assess the impact of the treatment on language abilities and neurological function recovery. The goal is to evaluate the improvements in language skills, neurological function recovery, and safety, comparing the effects between the active treatment and placebo.

Cerebrolysin: Patients were randomized into two groups: CBL - patients treated with cerebrolysin at the daily dose of 50 mL, and K - control patients treated without cerebrolysin. Cerebrolysin was administrated intravenously on the day the delirium was detected and then for seven consecutive days.

Cerebrolysin: The Cerebrolysin will be administered at least one hour after the standard treatment and no later than 24 hours after the stroke symptom onset.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin 30 mL diluted in 70 mL normal saline will be administered intravenously over 60 minutes once daily for 10 consecutive days. Treatment will begin after successful endovascular reperfusion and randomization and within 36 hours of stroke onset.

Normal saline placebo: Normal saline 100 mL will be administered intravenously over 60 minutes once daily for 10 consecutive days according to the same schedule as Cerebrolysin. Infusion bags, drip chambers, and visible tubing will be covered to maintain masking.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin would be prepared according to manufacturer's instructions: 30 mL of cerebrolysin in 100 ml of saline solution every 24 hours to a minimum of 10 days and a maximum of 14 days Brain-MRI with contrast after 10-14 days of cerebrolysin: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption will be measured using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging. DSC MRI is collected during the injection of a gadolinium bolus and the majority of the change in recorded signal in this T2-weighted sequence is due to intravascular contrast. However, in the setting of gadolinium leakage through the BBB into the brain parenchyma, the recorded signal is altered by a T1 effect. An arrival time correction is performed to account for regional difference in blood flow after which...

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin Dose:5 ml ampoule (1ml contains 215.2 mg cerebrolysin) once daily through intramuscular injection five times per week, for a total of 20 treatments (for 4 weeks), after which the cycle was repeated again for at least 6 weeks till a maximum of 24 weeks.

Cerebrolysin: Intravenous infusion of 30 ml Cerebrolysine in 500 ml of buffered crystalloid solution intravenously initiated within 12 hours from symptoms onset

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin, a mixture of free amino acids and low molecular weight peptides, has a neurotrophic factor-like activity with immediate pleiotropic neuroprotective activity and long-term multimodal effects on endogenous post-lesional regulation. Cerebrolysin has been suggested to exert beneficial effects on neurobehavioural functions, cognitive performance , and neuro-motor recovery , as part of initial therapy in severe and moderate acute TBI.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin, 30 ml/day as intravenous infusion, first infusion after completion of EVT. Daily infusion for 10 consecutive days.

Cerebrolysin: intramuscular Cerebrolysin 10 mg daily for 3 weeks

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin administration in short period of time after TBI

Cerebrolysin: 40 ml Cerebrolysin and 60 ml 0.9% NaCl per day for 4 days every month for 1 year

Cerebrolysin: Patients, who will be randomized to group CER, will receive Cerebrolysin at the dose of 50 mL before surgery, followed by 50 mL on the morning of days 1,2,3, and 4.

Cerebrolysin: Patients prescribed for Cerebrolysin treatment due neurological disease are invited to donate a scalp punch biopsy prior to and after completing the prescribed treatment.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin 30ml i.v., administrated in first 6 hours after stroke onset and fo 10 day afterwards in Neurology Department or ICU conditions.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin 20ml + physiological saline 80ml, 8-35 days, once/day, intravenous administration

Cerebrolysin: neuroprotection treatment

cerebrolysin: Infants of the treatment group were given Cerebrolysin in a dose of 0.1 ml / kg body weight once weekly intramuscular injection for 12 month (total of 48 injections).Each selected infant, in both treatment and control group, was assessed as regard: Socioeconomic status, Nutritional status and feeding practice, assessed for neurocognitive development

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin will be prescribed in a dose of 5 ml ampoule once daily through intramuscular injection (1ml contains 215.2 mg cerebrolysin) for five times per week, for a total of 40 treatments (for 8 weeks), after which the cycle was individually repeated according to the response of the patient to therapy for a maximum of 24 weeks

Cerebrolysin: 30 ml cerebrolysin + 70 ml normal saline, days 4-17, once/day, intravenously

Cerebrolysin: 30 ml once daily (+70 ml 0.9% saline)

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin injections of 0.1 mL/kg body weight for 3 months (total of twelve injections).

Cerebrolysin: Dosage, frequency, duration and mode of administration of Cerebrolysin follow the local hospital practice in accordance with the terms of the local marketing authorization and is not amended or influenced by the study. Prescribed Cerebrolysin will be used as solution for injection/concentrate for solution for infusion.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin- cerebrolysin 30 ml with 100 ml dilution/day \* 21 days with rehabilitation

Cerebrolysin infusion: Two 10-day courses of 50 ml of investigational drug + 50 ml of sodium chloride 0.9% iv slowly drip infusions daily, separated with a 7-day interval

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin dosage, frequency and duration follows local clinical practice in accordance with the terms of the local marketing authorization

Cerebrolysin: Intravenous infusion of 30 ml Cerebrolysin per day in 100 ml normal saline for 10 days.

Cerebrolysin (Nerve growth factor): Cerebrolysin will be given to the intervention group

porcine brain peptide (Cerebrolysin)

Cerebrolysin: Intravenous medication is given in three treatment courses (TC). Each treatment course lasts for two weeks and consists of 10 infusions (5 infusions weekly). The first treatment course (TC 1) will be in Week 1 and 2, second treatment course (TC 2) will be repeated during Week 9 and 10 and third treatment course (TC 3) during Week 19 and 20.

Placebo for donepezil:1 tablet per day from TC 1 Day 1 on and 2 tablets per day from Visit 3 - Visit 5, p.o.

Intravenous Cerebrolysin: 14-day course of intravenous Cerebrolysin started within 4 days of ictus

Cerebrolysin: IV infusion, 50 ml/day, 10 days (treatment cycle will be repeated one and two months later if patient has a score of less than 7 in the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale on Day 30)

cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin IV 10 ml daily 10 days

Cerebrolysin®: injection of cerebrolysin® 0.1ml/kg IM twice weekly for 10 injections after discharge from NICU (postneonatal)

Cerebrolysin

Cerebrolysin + donepezil: Cerebrolysin (10 ml) was given as IV infusion on five days per week for four consecutive weeks (week 1-4) with repetition of this treatment course (week 13-16) after a two-months treatment free interval, accounting for a total of 40 infusions. Donepezil was given PO once daily during the whole study duration (28 weeks). After four weeks the daily dosage was increased from 5 mg to 10 mg. Cerebrolysin + placebo: Cerebrolysin (10 ml) was given as IV infusion on five days per week for four consecutive weeks (week 1-4) with repetition of this treatment course (week 13-16) after a two-months treatment free interval, accounting for a total of 40 infusions. Placebo for donepezil was given PO once daily during the whole study...

Cerebrolysin: 30 ml study drug will be given once daily by intravenous infusion for 10 consecutive days.

Cerebrolysin: Cerebrolysin, 30 ml/day as intravenous infusion, first infusion after completion of thrombolytic therapy. Daily infusion for 10 consecutive days.

Follistatin plasmid: Follistatin-344 plasmid

GHK-Cu Gel (Copper(II)-peptide complex): topical gel, 0.1% w/w; apply a thin film (approx. 0.5 g) once daily for 14 days.

n-acetyl cyteien: n-acetyl cyteien 10% in cold cream

cold cream: cold cream is made of vaseline ,bees wax and other emollients as a placebo arm

N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC): A group of 25 neonates will receive (12.5 mg/kg for preterm and 25 mg/kg for full-term neonates) of NAC intravenously every 12 hours for 3 days. Each dose will be infused over 60 min

Normal Saline: A group of 25 neonates as controls will receive Normal saline in the same volume of the diluted NAC.

Glutathione: It is suitable for patients with hepatocellular or mixed DILI. A daily dose of 1.2g to 1.8g

Dichloroacetate (DCA): Study medication DCA is an oral solution mixed with an artificial sweetener containing aspartame and strawberry extract (50mg/mL) Participants will be genotyped to determine GSTZ1 (glutathione S-transferase Zeta-1) haplotype status, which will stratify this group into 1 of 2 dose regimens: EGT carriers will receive 12 mg/kg/12hr DCA. EGT non-carriers will receive 6 mg/kg/12 hr DCA.

Ebselen: Glutathione peroxidase mimetic

Blood sample: Blood sample from each subject to detect Glutathione Peroxidase 4.

SsK12@Lip@GSH: SsK12@Lip@GSH powder contained 1×10\^9 CFU viable cells of SsK12@Lip@GSH as the active ingredient.

vitamin B6: The Patients in experimental group were given vitamin B6 injection 300mg/d (100mg/2ml× 3) intravenous injection.

0.9% sodium chloride solution: That in control group were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution 6 ml intravenously.

BSS Plus: BSS PLUS® Sterile Intraocular Irrigating Solution (balanced salt solution enriched with bicarbonate, dextrose, and glutathione)

Other: Serum X: Serum X contain arbutin and glutathione

Dates fruit as functional Food: Two groups will receive Dates; The number per group is dependant on the child age. For children aged 3-6 years; they will receive the minimum numbers of dates (3 pieces). For children aged more than 6-12 years will receive 5 pieces of Dates the choice of the minimum numbers of dates (3 pieces) in this current trial is based on a study that was done by Al Jaouni and his colleagues, 2019 which proved the effects of three pieces of Ajwa on infection, hospitalization, and survival among 26 pediatric cancer patients in a university hospital; for which their treatment outcome was improved due to their intake of this amount of Ajwa during their standard treatment nutritional Guidance: The nutritional education...

Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY): A 12-week training course conducted by certified instructors from the Art of Living Foundation. SKY training will take place in group-format (group sizes of 8-15 participants) in an appropriately sized and accessible community hall in London, Ontario.SKY training involves attending a week-long (5 days) course that teaches the basic principles of SKY over 2.5-3 hour daily sessions. This will be followed by once weekly follow up sessions (90 min/wk) for 3 weeks and then bimonthly sessions (every 2 weeks) for the next 8 weeks. In addition, participants will be asked to practice SKY at home daily (25 min/day) throughout the duration of the study period and log practice frequency and any other noteworthy observations in a log sheet...

36 Weeks Methylprednisolone: Participants in 36 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment group will receive methylprednisolone, 48mg/d for the 1st week, 32mg/d for the 2nd week, 24mg/d for the next two weeks, followed by 16mg/d for 20 weeks and reduction in doses of methylprednisolone by 4 mg per 4 weeks until drug withdrawal. Participants in 36 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment group also will receive standard treatment including reduced glutathione, glycyrrhizin, ademetionine, alprostadil, or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).The total treatment duration will be 36 weeks. Follow-up duration is 24 weeks. 48 weeks Methylprednisolone: Participants in 48 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment group will receive methylprednisolone, 48mg/d for the 1st week, 32mg/d for the 2nd week, 24mg/d for the next two weeks, followed by 16mg/d for 32 weeks and reduction in...

Reduced Glutathione 100mg: 100mg GSH delivered intranasally, three times a day for 12 weeks, in 1 cc sterile saline using a syringe with a Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD) tip.

Reduced Glutathione 200mg: 200mg GSH delivered intranasally, three times a day for 12 weeks, in 1 cc sterile saline using a syringe with a Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD) tip.

Nutritional counseling: Nutritional counseling consists in a personalized dietary prescription and regular (monthly) dietetic advise by a registered dietician

Observational: Observational, Translational non-treatment study

Placebo low dose: This is a prospective randomized controlled pilot study, which will include twenty-four (24) healthy individuals.The first 12 subjects (low dose) will be randomized into three sub groups. The first group will be given a single dose of placebo. N Acetyl cysteine, 600mg (low dose): The sub-group of four subjects (low dose) will be given a single dose of 600 mg of N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). Proimmune 200 (FT061452) 3000mg low dose: The sub-group of four subjects (low dose) will be given a single dose of Proimmune 200 (FT061452) 3000mg low dose' Placebo (high dose): The second sub set of 12 subjects (high dose) will be randomized into three sub groups. The first group will be given a single dose of placebo. N Acetyl...

DMSA - dimercaptosuccinic acid: dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight 3 doses/day, for 3 days, followed by 11 days off

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Choriogonadotropin alpha (r-hCG): Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 250 mcg administered subcutaneously to trigger ovulation when follicular and endometrial criteria are met.

Progesterone: Luteal phase support with either vaginal progesterone 200 mg twice daily or subcutaneous progesterone 25 mg once daily, initiated after ovulation (or 2 days after hCG trigger) and continued until 12 weeks of gestation if pregnancy occurs.

Urinary-hCG: Ovulation days will be detected using a commercial urine test for luteinizing hormone (LH) (PREGMATE, Ovulation Midstream Test Predictor Kit; sensitivity level:25mlU/mL). Participants will be instructed to use ovulation tests, starting 5 days before the expected ovulation (day 10) and for the next 7-10 days or until the first the first positive results are detected notify the study co-ordinator and share a photo of the results. Then participants will be asked to continue using the ovulation test for 3 more days.

Methyprednisolon and low level laser theraphy: All rats will be anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.p) (Ketalar ®, Eczacıbaşı Parke-Davis, İstanbul, Türkiye) and Xylazine HCl (Alfazyne ®, Alfasan International B.V. Woerden, Hollanda) at a dose of 10 mg/kg (intraperitoneal). A right postauricular incision will made under general anesthesia, and an external trunk of the facial nerve will be found. In the DCG and other experimental groups, the facial nerve was dissected, and it will be clamped with an average force of 150 g for about 1 minute. Afterward, the surgical area will be sutured in all rats in the DCG, L, S, and LSG groups. At the end of the 4 weeks of study, tissue samples will be taken from...

Daily test with urine by the product: Women perform the hCG test and share the test results

Modified natural cycle: This treatment protocol is defined as a modified natural cycle as the participant will be instructed to (1) administer human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to assist with timing of the embryo transfer and (2) supplement the luteal phase with a low dose of progesterone.

IVF: Decapeptyl and hCG: When at least three follicles reach 18 mm in diameter, recombinant hCG 0.25mg and decapeptyl 0.2mg will be injected subcutaneously.

IVF: hCG and normal saline: When at least three follicles reach 18 mm in diameter, recombinant hCG 0.25mg and normal saline will be injected subcutaneously.

Gonadotropins: 1\) Gonadotrophines is started on day 2 with HMG(merional, IBSA) ,until the day of HCG administration

GNRH antagonist: cetrorelix 0,25mg s.c is given using flexible protocol, it is given when at least one follicle reaches size 14 mm to prevent premature lutenization ,until the day of hCG administration

Human chorionic gonadotropin Chorimon: 10000 IU of HCG are given intramuscular when 2 or more mature follicles reach 18 - 20 mm

Natural progesterone: 400 mg vaginal tablets twice daily from the day of ovum pick up till HCG tesing

Brentuximab Vedotin: Dose level 1: 1.8 mg/kg every 21 days (up to 180 mg) Dose level -1 :1.2 mg/kg every 21 days ( up to 120 mg)

Bevacizumab: 15 mg/kg every 21 days

Choriomon® injection: Intramuscular injection of 1,500 IU of hCG (Choriomon®; IBSA) on the embryos transfer (ET) day, as well as 4 days after the embryos transfer for luteal support

Choriomon® injection+Endometrin ®: Intramuscular injection of 1,500 IU of hCG (Choriomon®; IBSA) on the ET day, as well as 3 and 6 days after the transfer along with Endometrin ® vaginal tablets (Ferring Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Germany) 100 mg twice daily for luteal support from the day of oocyte pickup to the day of the pregnancy test.

Ovitrel: Triggering of ovulation with Ovitrel

Decapeptyl: Triggering with GnRH agonist

Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (r-hCG): A single injection of r-hCG (Ovidrel®/Ovitrelle®) 250 mcg to induce final oocyte maturation.

low dose human chorionic gonadotropin: patients will receive low dose human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in combination with clomiphen citrate

Sevoflurane General Anesthesia: Participants will receive standardized sevoflurane general anesthesia according to institutional kidney transplantation protocols. Anesthesia induction will include preoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 3-5 minutes, followed by intravenous propofol (1.5-2.5 mg/kg), fentanyl (1-2 µg/kg), and rocuronium bromide (0.6 mg/kg). Endotracheal intubation will be performed after short mask ventilation using direct laryngoscopy, and correct placement will be confirmed by auscultation. Anesthesia maintenance will be provided with sevoflurane (1.5-2.0% end-tidal) in a 40-50% oxygen/air mixture and remifentanil infusion (0.05-0.2 µg/kg/min). Mechanical ventilation will be set to 6-8 mL/kg tidal volume, PEEP 5 cmH₂O, and end-tidal CO₂ 35-40 mmHg. At the end of surgery, sevoflurane will be discontinued, neuromuscular blockade will be reversed with sugammadex (2-4 mg/kg), and extubation will be performed after recovery. Postoperative analgesia...

No intervention

Physiological Supplementation: Physiological Supplementation describes a treatment program aimed at restoring healthy endocrine functioning, using supplements such as the following: Synthetic testosterone, Anastrozole, Gonadorelin, Vitamin and amino acid supplementation, Fish oil, Ipamorelin.

Ipamorelin: Intravenous (IV)

Ipamorelin: IV

Kisspeptin-10: Administration of kisspeptin-10 \* 16 hr

Kisspeptin-10: kisspeptin-10 IV infusion

Kisspeptin-10: Kisspeptin-10 (metastin 45-54, Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany)

Human kisspeptin-10 (metastin 45-54): Kisspeptin-10 (metastin 45-54, Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany) is a potent HPG-axis stimulator and control reproduction.

Kisspeptin-10 (metastin 45-54, Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany): A neurohormone

The patients' periodontal clinical parameters were recorded. PISF samples were collected, and the evaluations of 25(OH)D and LL-37 were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.: In vitro studies have shown that vitamin D promotes the release of antimicrobial peptides from gingival epithelial cells, no clinical research has specifically examined its effect on LL-37 levels in peri-implant tissue diseases. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels in peri-implant sulcus fluid and clinical parameters in individuals with both peri-implant health and disease. Additionally, it aims to assess the correlation between vitamin D and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.

undefined: Rinsing with mouthwashes

Crevicular fluid analysis by using ELISA testing.: Samples of crevicular fluid (fluid existing in the space between the gums and the roots of the teeth) will be obtained from healthy and periodontal patients. In periodontal patients, samples will be taken before and after receiving a routine course of periodontal treatment (root scale and polish) to assess the levels of a peptide called LL-37 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10): Samples will then be analysed using laboratory procedures (ELISA)

taking saliva samples to determine TAS, TOS and LL-37

LL37: cream

LL-37 levels in Gingival crevicular fluid: Collected gingival crevicular fluid

Calcitriol

Placebo

Active Sodium Phenylbutyrate and active cholecalciferol: Sodium Phenylbutyrate: 500 mg twice daily orally for 2 months Cholecalciferol: 5000 IU once daily orally for 2 months

Placebo Sodium Phenylbutyrate plus active cholecalciferol: Placebo Sodium Phenylbutyrate: twice daily orally for 2 months Cholecalciferol: 5000 IU once daily for 2 months

Active Sodium Phenylbutyrate and placebo cholecalciferol: Sodium phenylbutyrate: 500 mg twice daily orally for 2 months Placebo cholecalciferol: once daily orally for 2 months

Placebo Sodium Phenylbutyrate plus placebo cholecalciferol: Placebo Sodium Phenylbutyrate: twice daily orally for 2 months Placebo cholecalciferol: once daily orally for 2 months

Ergocalciferol: Ergocalciferol 50,000 IU capsule, one dose every other day x 5 doses

Calcitriol: 0.25 mcg tablet once daily for 14 days

Sodium Butyrate: Patients will be instructed to lie on a bed (cholera cot) in left lateral position. A soft rectal catheter will be introduced by a nurse/physician, through which 80 ml of butyrate solution will be instilled slowly with a 50 ml plastic syringe. Patients will be asked to retain the enema for at least ½ hour by remaining supine for 30 minutes after the administration. However, if a patient cannot retain the enema for 30 minutes, he will be given a second round of enema immediately after defecation. Saline: Patients will be instructed to lie on a bed (cholera cot) in left lateral position. A soft rectal catheter will be introduced by a nurse/physician, through which 80 ml of saline solution will be instilled...

Vitamin D3: Vitamin D3 50,000 IU three times a week for 8 weeks

Placebo: Placebo three times a week for 8 weeks

Melanotan II (MT-II): administered per protocol

Sevoflurane General Anesthesia: Participants will receive standardized sevoflurane general anesthesia according to institutional kidney transplantation protocols. Anesthesia induction will include preoxygenation with 100% oxygen for 3-5 minutes, followed by intravenous propofol (1.5-2.5 mg/kg), fentanyl (1-2 µg/kg), and rocuronium bromide (0.6 mg/kg). Endotracheal intubation will be performed after short mask ventilation using direct laryngoscopy, and correct placement will be confirmed by auscultation. Anesthesia maintenance will be provided with sevoflurane (1.5-2.0% end-tidal) in a 40-50% oxygen/air mixture and remifentanil infusion (0.05-0.2 µg/kg/min). Mechanical ventilation will be set to 6-8 mL/kg tidal volume, PEEP 5 cmH₂O, and end-tidal CO₂ 35-40 mmHg. At the end of surgery, sevoflurane will be discontinued, neuromuscular blockade will be reversed with sugammadex (2-4 mg/kg), and extubation will be performed after recovery. Postoperative analgesia...

MOTS-c (MDP): Drug: MOTS-c (MDP)

Topical niacinamide riboside: Niacinamide chloride (NR) prepared in a dry nanofiber pillow will be applied to the skin using a standardized gel serum twice daily, for 12 weeks. NR is a precursor to the essential cellular co-enzyme, NAD+, which has been directly associated with the molecular hallmarks of aging.

LathMized TM NAD+ (LNAD+): NAD+ 500 mg

Nicotinamide: The subjects will receive 1.5 grams per day of Nicotinamide, orally, for 30 days.

Placebo: The subjects will receive 1.5 grams per day of placebo, orally, for 30 days.

NMN: NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) is a naturally occurring bioactive nucleotide with the full name of Nicotinamide mononucleotide. Its structure can be divided into α and β Two isomers, of which only β- NMN is a naturally occurring form with biological activity.

In human body, NMN is the precursor of NAD+(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, also known as coenzyme I), and its function is mainly reflected through NAD+.

Placebo: Daily supplementation with placebo for 38 days in total

Retatrutide

Retatrutide (LY3437943): subcutaneous injection, once weekly (dose per assigned arm).

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered subcutaneously (SC)

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC.

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC.

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Retatrutide: Administered SC

Semaglutide 14 MG [Rybelsus]: 14 mg once daily (registered maximum dose, up-titrate from 3 mg and 7 mg once daily). Dose modifications in case of occurrence of side-effects will be carried out according to the investigator's discretion. Oral tablet.

Finerenone and Semaglutide: After 4 weeks of maximum tolerated semaglutide, participants will receive combined oral finerenone and semaglutide for 6 weeks. The procedures during the 6 weeks treatment period are the same as those during the finerenone only treatment periods. Because the combination treatment period immediately follows the semaglutide monotherapy treatment period, no additional titration of semaglutide is necessary. During the combination treatment period, the dose of finerenone will be uptitrated after 2 weeks in patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73m2 and serum potassium ≤5.0 mmol/L.

semaglutide: Administered as a subcutaneous injection once weekly for 52 weeks.

Semaglutide: Given SC

Injected GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual Agonists: Participants are prescribed this medication by their care provider(s) as part of their postnatal clinical care, including but not limited to semaglutide and tirzepatide. The investigators do not provide, manage, or assign the medication.

LUM-201: Daily (AM) oral Tablet at 25 mg

Placebo: Daily (AM) oral Tablet

Semagludtide: Daily (AM) oral Tablet

Semaglutide: Once-weekly subcutaneous GLP-1 receptor agonist administered for at least 12 weeks; dose individualized and titrated at the treating physician's discretion according to routine clinical practice and patient tolerability.

Semaglutide: GLP-1 receptor agonist administered as a weekly subcutaneous injection with dose escalation from 0.25 mg up to 1 mg according to the study protocol.

semaglutide: Treatment will be given for 80 weeks. Dose will be escalated from 0.25 mg to a max of 2.4 mg per week.

Semaglutide (Rybelsus®): Oral semaglutide will be administered once daily at a dose of 3 mg for the first 4 weeks, followed by 7 mg once daily for the next 4 weeks, and 14 mg once daily for the final 4 weeks (total treatment duration: 12 weeks). All participants will also receive conventional topical therapy for 12 weeks, consisting of a topical corticosteroid and a vitamin D analog (calcipotriol).

BS-GLP group: 1. Basic Treatment Measures Within 0-30 days after sleeve gastrectomy, all patients received very low-calorie enteral nutrition powder (100 kcal/day). From 30 to 90 days post-surgery, a low-energy diet (400 kcal/day) was provided. Beyond 90 days post-surgery, a calorie-restricted diet was implemented (1,500 kcal/day for men and 1,200 kcal/day for women). 2. In addition to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and postoperative basic nutritional counseling,the intervention group received subcutaneous semaglutide injections from 1 to 6 months postoperatively.The specific protocol was as follows:In the intervention group, semaglutide treatment was initiated at 1 month after LSG. The starting dose was 0.25 mg per week and was subsequently titrated up based on individual patient response to a maximum maintenance dose of 2.4 mg per week. The treatment continued...

CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I) will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

Placebo matched to CagriSema (Cagrilintide B and Semaglutide I): Placebo matched to Cagrilintide B and placebo matched to Semaglutide I will be administered subcutaneously using DV3384 pen-injector.

semaglutide: Participants will receive semaglutide as medically prescribed

LY3457263: Administered SC

Placebo: Administered SC

Obesity pharmacotherapy: Patients underwent 1 month of a very low calorie diet (VLCD) with 813 kcal/day, followed by a low calorie diet (LCD) for 11 months together with intensive physical exercise (30 min/day of brisk walking plus at least 3 h/week of aerobic exercise) with 2.4 mg/week of semaglutide (Ozempic®), given once weekly as subcutaneous injections. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after starting the interventions.

Semaglutide: Both interventions are approved by FDA for the treatment of obesity and are administered by subcutaneous injection once per week

Arm 2 - DehydraTECH-semaglutide alone: Dose: 3.5 mg once daily for 4 weeks, ascending to 7 mg once daily for the remaining 8 weeks. Route of administration: Oral Dosage form: Capsule

Arm 3 - DehydraTECH-CBD in combination with DehydraTECH-semaglutide: DehydraTECH-CBD dosing = 250 mg twice daily for 12 weeks.

\- DehydraTECH-semaglutide = 3.5 mg once daily for 12 weeks Route of administration: Oral Dosage form: Capsule

Arm 4 - Rybelsus medication (semaglutide) alone: Normal clinical dose of 3.0 mg once daily for 4 weeks, ascending to 7.0 mg once daily for the remaining 8 weeks. Route of administration: Oral Dosage form: Capsule

Semaglutide: Maximum tolerated dose of semaglutide subcutaneously once weekly. Maximum dose of 2.0 mg.

Semaglutide: Participants will receive once-weekly semaglutide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive once-weekly placebo matched to cagrilintide and semaglutide subcutaneously.

AD109: Oral administration at bedtime

Semaglutide: Participants will receive once-weekly semaglutide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide and semaglutide subcutaneously.

Semaglutide: Participants will receive once-weekly semaglutide subcutaneously.

Placebo: Participants will receive placebo matched to cagrilintide and semaglutide subcutaneously.

Semaglutide: Subcutaneous injections of semaglutide once-weekly at escalating doses every fourth week until maintenance dose of 2.4 mg of semaglutide is reached.

Placebo: Subcutaneous injections of placebo once-weekly at escalation doses manner as semaglutide every fourth week until maintenance dose of placebo matched to 2.4 mg is reached.

ACEi / ARB, SGLT2i, finerenone, semaglutide, pentoxifylline, hydrochlorthiazide, baricitinib: Standard of care for diabetic kidney disease.

Semaglutide: Participants will receive oral semaglutide with or without other OADs as per local label at the discretion of the treating physician and is clearly independent from the decision to include the participant in the study.

Semaglutide: Participants will receive once-weekly s.c. injections of semaglutide in escalating doses (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.7 mg, 2.4 mg and 7.2 mg) every fourth week. Treatment was continued on the maintenance dose of 7.2 mg once-weekly for an additional 52 weeks. Injections may be administered in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm, at any time of day irrespective of meals. Semaglutide: Participants will receive once-weekly s.c. injections of semaglutide in escalating doses (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.7 mg, and 2.4 mg) every fourth week. Treatment was continued on the maintenance dose of 2.4 mg once-weekly for an additional 52 weeks. Injections may be administered in the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm, at any time of day irrespective of meals. Placebo:...

Semaglutide: The medication is available in 3, 7, and 14-mg tablets for oral use. Participants will be instructed to start with an initiating dose of 3 mg once daily. If they do not experience adverse events (nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain) then the dose will be titrated to 7 mg once daily after 30 days. Again, if the participant does not experience adverse events, the dose will be further titrated after 30 days to 14 mg once daily. This does will continue until the end of the study, at 12 months.

Semaglutide placebo: Rybelsus semaglutide - this medicine will simulate taking the pill Rybelsus /semaglutide once a day. A pill identical to the medicine pill will be given.

Semaglutide: This will be an experimental treatment for 26 weeks in Group 2 Arm E

Semaglutide, 2.0 mg/mL: Semaglutide 2.0 mg/mL, administered subcutaneously once per week for a period of 6 months.

Semaglutide 3 mg/ml: Participants will be instructed to initiate at 0.24 mg SC once weekly for 4 weeks, and in 4 week intervals, increase the dose until a dose of 2.4 mg is reached. In case of prolonged side effects the dose may be adjusted to lower than 2.4mg/week.

Placebo (Semaglutide 3 mg/ml): Participants will be instructed to initiate at 0.24 mg SC once weekly for 4 weeks, and in 4 week intervals, increase the dose until a dose of 2.4 mg is reached. In case of prolonged side effects the dose may be adjusted to lower than 2.4mg/week.

Semaglutide: Participants will be treated with commercially available oral semaglutide according to local label and to routine clinical practice at the discretion of the treating physician. The decision to initiate treatment with commercially available oral semaglutide has been made by the patient/Legally Acceptable Representative (LAR) and the treating physician based on local label before and independently from the decision to include the participant in this study.

Semaglutide Injectable Product (not provided by the study): Study Procedure:

Subjects that are to be started on semaglutide by their physician will be invited to participate in the study. If the subject is eligible and signs the consent form they will be enrolled in the study. There are three (3) study visits including Baseline/Visit 1 (prior to starting semaglutide), Visit 2 (at week 2-4) and Visit 3 (at week 18-20). The subjects undergo these tests at each visit: weight circumference measured, BMR testing, thermal imaging of BAT, and perform a 24 hour food recall.

IcoSema: Participants will receive once weekly IcoSema subcutanously (s.c. under the skin) with or without oral anti diabetic drugs for 52 weeks.

Insulin icodec: Participants will receive once weekly Insulin icodec subcutanously (s.c. under the skin) with or without oral anti diabetic drugs for 52 weeks.

GLP1 analogues: This cohort study has 2 phases: an observation phase to collect all initial clinical and biological parameters and an intervention phase (prescription of GLP1 analogues) of 6 months including a visit at 3 and 6 months.

GLP-1 receptor agonist: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) including dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide and semaglutide

Semaglutide Pen Injector [Ozempic]: Participants will receive subcutaneously injected semaglutide (0.25 mg/wk) for 4 weeks followed by semaglutide (0.5 mg/wk) for an additional two weeks.

Semaglutide Pill: All participants will start at a 3 mg dose of OS or matched Placebo. If this minimum dose is not tolerated, the participant will be withdrawn from the study. After 4 weeks, the OS dose (or Placebo) will be adjusted to 7 mg. After a further 4 weeks of study and thereafter, the OS dose (or Placebo) will be adjusted at the study physician's discretion to 14 mg. At each study visit, the current dose of OS (or Placebo) will be maintained, unless participants report moderate-to-severe nausea or vomiting for 3 or more days in the week before the scheduled visit.

Semaglutide Injectable Product: Subcutaneous injection of Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly

Semaglutide: Oral semaglutide once-daily, dose gradually increased to 14 mg. The study will last for up to 173 weeks

Placebo (semaglutide): Oral placebo (semaglutide) once-daily. The study will last for up to 173 weeks

Semaglutide 2 mg/1.5 ml (1.34 mg/ml), prefilled pen-injector for subcutaneous injection solution: Dose will be started at 0.25 mg per week. Dose escalation will occur every 4 weeks to mitigate risk of gastrointestinal side effects to a maximum dose of 1.0 mg per week.

Oral Semaglutide: Patients will be treated with commercially available oral semaglutide according to local label and to routine clinical practice at the discretion of the treating physician. The decision to initiate treatment with commercially available oral semaglutide has been made by the patient/Legally Acceptable Representative (LAR) and the treating physician based on local label before and independently from the decision to include the patient in this study.

Semaglutide: Semaglutide is administered subcutaneously (s.c.; under the skin) once-weekly for 52 weeks in a dose escalating manner: 0.25 mg from week 1 to week 4, 0.5 mg from week 5 to week 8 and 1.0 mg from week 9 to week 52.

Placebo (semaglutide): Placebo (semaglutide) is administered s.c. once-weekly for 52 weeks in a dose escalating manner: 0.25 mg from week 1 to week 4, 0.5 mg from week 5 to week 8 and 1.0 mg from week 9 to week 52.

Semaglutide: Medication for type 2 diabetes management

Semaglutide: Slow semaglutide titration group vs. label recommended titration group (16-week flexible vs. 8-week semaglutide titration)

Semaglutide: Dose gradually increased over 12 weeks to 2.0 mg, followed by a 5 week maintenance period.

Oral semaglutide: Oral semaglutide current formulation and oral semaglutide new formulation, each in 3 different strengths, administered once daily during 6 treatment periods, each lasting 12 weeks

Semaglutide (administered by DV3396 pen): Increasing doses of semaglutide given subcutaneously (sc, under the skin) in the stomach for 21 weeks

Semaglutide (administered by PDS290 pen): Increasing doses of semaglutide given sc in the stomach for 21 weeks

Semaglutide: Subjects will receive subcutaneous (s.c., under the skin) injections of semaglutide once weekly (OW) with a dose of 0.25 mg. The dose should be increased after four weeks to 0.5 mg semaglutide. After 4 more weeks the dose can be increased to 1.0 mg semaglutide if the study doctor decides and further dose adjusted throughout the study.

Semaglutide: Participants will be prescribed commercially available semaglutide s.c. and will be instructed to initiate treatment with semaglutide s.c. according to the approved label. The study doctor will determine the intended maintenance dose of semaglutide, as well as changes to the maintenance dose thereafter.

Standard of care: Participants will receive standard of care, defined as commercially available oral or injectable antidiabetic medication other than semaglutide. Participants will be prescribed and instructed to initiate commercially available antidiabetic medication according to the approved label and, if relevant for the specific antidiabetic medication, adjusted at the discretion of the study doctor.

Semaglutide: Oral administration once daily alone or together with levothyroxine or Placebo

SNAC: Oral administration once daily alone or together with levothyroxine or semaglutide

Levothyroxine: Oral administration alone or together with SNAC or oral semaglutide

Placebo: Oral administration once daily together with semaglutide

semaglutide: Oral administration once-daily

semaglutide: For oral administration.

semaglutide: Solution for subcutaneous (s.c. - under the skin) injection. 0.25 mg semaglutide once weekly for four weeks, 0.5 mg semaglutide once weekly for four weeks followed by 1.0 mg semaglutide once weekly for five weeks

semaglutide: Subjects will be treated with two single doses of 10 mg semaglutide in a tablet. Dosing will be done on 2 dosing visits separated by 4 to 6 weeks.

TB-500: (thymosin beta 4 17-23 fragment

Tesamorelin: for injection, 2 mg SC once daily; participant self-administration after training.

Dose may be reduced to 1 mg daily if IGF-1 z-score meets protocol threshold.

Tesamorelin: Tesamorelin WR 1.28 mg given subcutaneously daily

Tesamorelin: Tesamorelin F4 formulation 1.4mg daily

Tesamorelin: Patients will be treated with tesamorelin 2 mg by subcutaneous injection daily

Tesamorelin 2 Milligrams (MG): Daily self-administered study drug

Tesamorelin: Growth Hormone-Releasing

Tesamorelin: Tesamorelin is an injectable medication already approved by the U.S. FDA to treat abdominal fat accumulation in HIV

tesamorelin

Placebo: inactive substance that looks like tesamorelin

Tesamorelin

Tesamorelin (Egrifta): We will observe the effects of Tesamorelin on patients with HIV and lipodystrophy.

Tesamorelin: The Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone analogue tesamorelin, 2mg subcutaneously daily by injection

Tesamorelin: Daily 2 mg subcutaneous injections of tesamorelin

Tesamorelin for injection: Daily 2 mg subcutaneous injections of Tesamorelin

Tesamorelin

tesamorelin: Tesamorelin (growth hormone releasing hormone) 2mg daily given by subcutaneous injection x 6 months during randomized phase, followed by 6 months of open-label tesamorelin at same dose

placebo: Placebo 2mg daily given by subcutaneous injection for the first 6 months of the study, followed by an open-label phase of 6 months of tesamorelin (growth hormone releasing hormone) treatment, 2mg daily given by subcutaneous injection

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (Tesamorelin): Tesamorelin 2mg subcutaneous daily x 2 weeks

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone: Tesamorelin (GHRH) 2mg SC QD x 2 weeks

Tesamorelin

Placebo for Tesamorelin

Thymosin Alpha1: Based on the conventional treatment, subcutaneous injection of Tα-1 (1.6 mg, qd) in Week 1; and in Week 2, subcutaneous injection of thymalfasin 1.6 mg, 3 times a week, followed by twice a week for 1 month since Week 3.

Immunosuppressant: Grade 2 irAEs: corticosteroid alone Grade 3 and above irAEs: corticosteroids combined with other immunosuppressants Steroid-refractory irAE: After 48-72 hours of systemic steroid therapy, the symptoms do not improve or worsen, and the second-line immunosuppressant therapy is adopted.

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody: Thymosin Alpha 1 1.6mg, sc，QD，d1-7;1.6mg, sc，three times per week, d8-21 Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (Toripalimab) 240mg per dose,ivdrip，Q3W

induction chemo-immunotherapy: All participants receive two cycles of albumin-bound paclitaxel (260mg/m2) on d1 and cisplatin (25mg/m2) from d1 to d3 in combination with tislelizumab (200mg) on d1. concurrent chemotherapy: Concurrent chemotherapy consists of weekly albumin-bound paclitaxel (50mg/m2) and cisplatin (25mg/m2). Immunotheapy consolidation: Participants without disease progression, grade ≥3 toxicities, and/or grade ≥2 pneumonitis after CCRT receive tislelizumab 200 mg (Q3W) for up to 12 months. Thymosin Alpha1: Participants in the Tα1 treatment group will receive Tα1 from the beginning of induction chemo-immunotherapy until the completion of immunotherapy consolidation. In detail, Tα-1 would be administered according to the following three stages: 1. Induction chemo-immunotherapy: Tα-1 will be subcutaneously administered at 4.8 mg on d1 and d3 for each cycle. 2. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy: Tα-1 will be subcutaneously...

Thymalfasin (thymosin alpha-1)

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide will be administered subcutaneously

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide solution will be self-administered by subcutaneous injection once weekly. Participants will receive 2.5 mg once weekly for the first 4 weeks, followed by 5 mg once weekly for the remainder of the 12-month treatment period. Injection sites will be rotated among the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.

Injected GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual Agonists: Participants are prescribed this medication by their care provider(s) as part of their postnatal clinical care, including but not limited to semaglutide and tirzepatide. The investigators do not provide, manage, or assign the medication.

Tirzepatide: Once-weekly subcutaneous dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist administered for at least 12 weeks; dose individualized and titrated at the treating physician's discretion according to routine clinical practice and patient tolerability.

High protein diet: The standardized highprotein diet counseling focuses on achieving 2.5 g/kg FFM/day of dietary protein through food and commercially available protein powder supplements that will be provided to participants.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: like semaglutide、tirzepatide、liraglutide，etc.

LAE102 +Tirzepatide: Receive LAE102, once a week, by subcutaneous injection.The dosage of Tirzepatide starts at lower dose, administered subcutaneously once a week, and is gradually increased every 4 weeks.

LAE102 placebo,+Tirzepatide: Receive the LAE102 placebo, once a week, by subcutaneous injection. The dosage of Tirzepatide starts at lower dose, administered subcutaneously once a week, and is gradually increased to a higher dose level every 4 weeks.

Tirzepatide: Dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist administered as a weekly subcutaneous injection.

Titrated from 2.5 mg/week to a target of 10 mg/week (maximum 15 mg/week) over 12 weeks, then maintained at the maximum tolerated dose for the remainder of the 12-month treatment period.

Tirzepatide: Phase I (Months 0-3): All participants receive LNG-IUD alone

LNG-IUD plus tirzepatide: Phase II (Months 3-9): All participants continue LNG-IUD plus tirzepatide (titrated to maximally tolerated dose).

LSG-Tirzepatide group: 1. Basic Treatment Measures Within 0-30 days after sleeve gastrectomy, all patients received very low-calorie enteral nutrition powder (100 kcal/day). From 30 to 90 days post-surgery, a low-energy diet (400 kcal/day) was provided. Beyond 90 days post-surgery, a calorie-restricted diet was implemented (1,500 kcal/day for men and 1,200 kcal/day for women). 2. In addition to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and postoperative basic nutritional counseling,the LSG-Tirzepatide group received subcutaneous Tirzepatide injections from 1 to 6 months postoperatively.The specific protocol was as follows:In the intervention group, Tirzepatide treatment was initiated at 1 month after LSG. The starting dose was 2.5 mg per week and was subsequently titrated up based on individual patient response to a maximum maintenance dose of 10 mg per week. The treatment continued...

transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: Participants will receive active transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation plus tirzepatide 5 mg for 12 weeks. Active stimulation will be delivered to the bilateral cymba conchae, an auricular region innervated by the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Stimulation will use an intermittent waveform of 15 seconds on and 5 seconds off at 20 Hz, with a pulse width of 0.2 ms. Stimulation intensity will be titrated from 0 mA to a level that produces mild tingling without obvious discomfort, usually 1.0-2.5 mA. Stimulation will be administered twice daily for 30 minutes per session, 5 days per week, for 12 weeks. Tirzepatide will be administered as a subcutaneous injection once weekly. Sham: Participants will receive sham stimulation in addition to...

Tirzepatide: Participants will receive tirzepatide (subcutaneous injection) at doses of 2.5mg for Weeks 1-4, 5mg for Weeks 5-8, 7.5mg for Weeks 9-12, and 10mg for Weeks 13-16

Tirzepatide with lifestyle modification: Starting at Tirzepatide 2.5 mg weekly and escalated as tolerated to 10 mg along with standardized lifestyle counseling by a dietitian (caloric deficit, physical activity guidance) and written materials.

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide will be initiated at the lowest dose of 2.5 mg once weekly for 4 weeks. The dose will then be titrated every 4 weeks based on patient tolerance to 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, and 15 mg.

Tirzepatide: Drug approved for diabetes administered SQ. Subject is blind to drug.

Tirzepatide: Administered per the protocol

Tirzepatide: Subcutaneous tirzepatide 2.5 mg once weekly, initiated approximately 4 weeks before the scheduled de novo catheter ablation and continued for 3 months after the procedure (total treatment duration about 4 months), in addition to standard peri-procedural and post-ablation care.

Standard Care (in control arm): Standard peri-procedural and post-ablation care for persistent atrial fibrillation without tirzepatide or other study-specific metabolic pharmacotherapy.

Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Tirzepatide: Participants will temporarily pause their tirzepatide medication for 3-4 weeks and then restart it for 6-8 weeks under the supervision of a study physician. The medication change is done only for research purposes to study how stopping and restarting tirzepatide affects brain activity, appetite, mood, and other health measures. During this period, participants will complete MRI scans, behavioral assessments, questionnaires, and provide stool samples across three study visits.

Tirzepatide: A once-weekly subcutaneous injection starting at 2.5 mg and dose escalation every 4 weeks up to a maximum of 15 mg, following FDA-approved guidelines. Dose escalation may be paused for exceptional responders.

Zepbound: Auto injectors with a 2.5 mg dosage are given subcutaneously weekly.

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide will be administered once weekly, subcutaneously, and patients will be taught how to administer this drug at home. Patients will be started on a dose of 5 mg tirzepatide weekly for four weeks prior to surgical staging. .

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide administered subcutaneously (SC) once a week.

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide will be administered as per the schedule specified in the arms.

ARO-ALK7: Subcutaneous (SC) injection

Placebo: calculated volume to match active treatment by SC injection

LY3457263: Administered SC

Placebo: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It will be administered via subcutaneous injection once weekly in a dose-titration scheme: starting at 2.5 mg, and increased every 4 weeks by 2.5 mg up to a maximum of 15 mg, based on tolerability. The medication will be supplied in prefilled pens identical in appearance to placebo pens.

Placebo: Placebo will be administered via subcutaneous injection once weekly using pens that are visually indistinguishable from those used for tirzepatide. Dose escalation will follow the same schedule (2.5 mg-equivalent increments every 4 weeks) to preserve blinding integrity.

Tirzepatide: Both interventions are approved by FDA for the treatment of obesity and are administered by subcutaneous injection once per week

Tirzepatide: This intervention will consist of the FDA-approved dosing schedule. Participants will receive 2.5mg weekly injections for 4 weeks. IDS will extract tirzepatide and draw the doses into syringes.

Tirzepatide: 16 weeks started at 2.5mg/week and increased to 5mg/week dose

Arm 5- Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide arm - 20mg for 4 weeks and then 40mg for 8 weeks

RDX-002: Gut-specific microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor

Placebo: Matching placebo

Bupropion-Naltrexone: Bupropion-Naltrexone

Bupropion-Naltrexone-Metformin: Bupropion-Naltrexone-Metformin

Tirzepatide: Administered SC.

Tirzepatide: Patients will receive tirzepatide once weekly for up to 2 years.

AD109: Oral administration at bedtime

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide will be administered subcutaneously.

TIRZEPATIDE: Tirzepatide injection contains tirzepatide, a once weekly dual receptor, GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonis t. It is a 39-amino-acid modified peptide with a C20 fatty diacid moiety that enables albumin binding and prolongs the half-life. The molecular weight is 4813.53 Da and the empirical formula is C225H348N48O68.

Tirzepatide: Tirzepatide will be initiated 12 or 18 months (12 months + 24 weeks) after patients undergo Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Patients will be started on the lowest dose of 2.5 mg and the dose increased every 6 weeks following an adaptive maximum dose titration protocol. Patients will then complete a final 4 weeks of the study drug.

Mounjaro: Weekly subcutaneous injection of 2.5mg tirzepatide at baseline with dose escalation by 2.5mg every 4 weeks to reach 15mg or the maximum tolerated dose, by Week 20

Tirzepatide: Participants will receive subcutaneous injections of tirzepatide that gradually increase up to 15 mg per week.

Medical weight loss: The medical weight loss intervention will follow UCLA's RFO standard protocol. Over a period of 12 months, patients in the medical weight loss group will follow a very low caloric diet (VLCD) at the UCLA RFO program. All study patients will be prescribed a VLCD, an exercise regimen and will participate in group classes on behavioral modification. The caloric intake consists of a commercially prepared meal replacement powder supplying 700-800 cal/day. Each formula packet provides 100kcal and 15g of high biological value protein, and the daily allowance of required minerals and vitamins. Some patients may recieve adjuvant drug therapy including Orlistat (Xenical, Alli), Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), Naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave), Liraglutide (Saxenda), Semaglutide (Wegovy), Tirzepatide (Zepbound) or Setmelanotide (Imcivree).

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Single Dose Pen: Used to administer tirzepatide SC

Multi-use Prefilled Pen: Used to administer tirzepatide SC

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Prefilled syringe (PFS): PFS used to administer tirzepatide

Auto-injector (AI): AI used to administer tirzepatide

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Administered SC

Tirzepatide: Administered SC.

tirzepatide: Administered SC

Aviptadil: Administered by IV infusion over 12 hours per day for 3 days. The Day 1 infusion rate is 50 pmol/kg/hr, the Day 2 infusion rate is 100 pmol/kg/hr, and the Day 3 infusion rate is 150 pmol/kg/hr.

Aviptadil Placebo: Commercially available 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Administered by IV infusion over 12 hours per day for 3 days.

Vestibulocortical Stimulation: 50cc of cold water (4℃) irrigated to the right external ear canal, at 1-2 cc/second, with the patient laying supine.

ZYESAMI™ (aviptadil acetate): Inhaled ZYESAMI™ (aviptadil acetate) 100μg 3x daily by mesh nebulizer

Inhaled Aviptadil: Aviptadil is the synthetic analogue of the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), a biologically active 28 amino acid natural peptide that is endogenously synthesized in humans. It is one of the signaling molecules of the neuroendocrine immune network and has vasodilator, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

Placebo: Aviptadil Placebo will be used for this arm.

VIP4SCI: Technology-enabled self-management \& rehabilitation solution

Pemziviptadil (PB1046): Pemziviptadil (PB1046), Once Weekly Subcutaneous Injection

Low Dose (10 mg) Control: Pemziviptadil (PB1046), Once Weekly Subcutaneous Injection (10 mg diluted in sodium chloride to match active drug volume)

13N-NH3 PET cardiac blood flow perfusion rest and load imaging: Immediately after the bedside injection of 13N-NH3 370 MBq, dynamic 2D collection of heart images 10 min, scanning 1 bed; , a total of 6 min), 3min bedside injection 13N?NH3 370-540 MBq immediately after the dynamic 2D collection of heart image 10 min. Both rest and load imaging are corrected for CT attenuation.

Image reconstruction is carried out by the method of maximum expectation of an ordered subset, the dynamic image is divided into the early phase of the first 2 min and the late phase of the last 8 min, the captured image is replayed (VIP replay) of the volume image protocol and the gated data is reconstructed.

Pemziviptadil (PB1046): Pemziviptadil (PB1046), Once Weekly Subcutaneous Injection

Colonoscopy only: Subjects will receive a mailed communication describing the importance of colorectal cancer screening with the option to schedule a colonoscopy through a VIP direct scheduling phone line. Subjects not scheduled after 4 weeks will receive a reminder letter to schedule colonoscopy. Colonoscopy outreach + mailed FIT follow-up: Subjects will receive a mailed communication describing the importance of colorectal cancer screening with the option to schedule a colonoscopy through a VIP direct scheduling phone line. Subjects not scheduled after 4 weeks will receive a reminder letter to either schedule colonoscopy or to complete the enclosed mailed FIT kit. Colonoscopy + Mailed FIT outreach and follow-up: Subjects will receive a mailed communication describing the importance of colorectal cancer screening with the option to schedule a...

VIP app without HIV-related symptom strategies.: The control group will receive the VIP app without HIV-related symptom strategies

VIP app that delivers HIV-related symptom strategies.: The Intervention group will receive the VIP app that delivers HIV-related symptom strategies

Virtual Interactive Platform (VIP) Transplant

Ustekinumab

Placebo

sumatriptan and Treximet: sumatriptan 100mg tablet when migraine is moderate or severe in intensity. Treximet 85/500mg tablet when migraine is moderate or severe in intensity.

Adalimumab (Humira): Humira will be given at an initial dose of 80mg followed by 40 mg the second week, subsequent doses will be given at 40mg and follow FDA dosing schedule.

Placebo Injection: Placebo injection will be given according to the same dose and schedule as the active comparator.

NB-UVB phototherapy: Phototherapy will be given 3 times per week according to the Fitzpatrick scale for skin types.

VIP CM: Participants will receive progressively increasing CM for walking 10,000 steps per day over 4 days prior to visit as verified by the pedometer.

NIPPV: Ventilator is Bird VIP.

NIPPV: Ventilator(Bird VIP) is used for NIPPV device. Non-invasive NIPPV is used in the NIPPV group instead of nCPAP in the control group.

NIPPV: Ventilator (Bird VIP, USA) is used for provide of NIPPV in the NIPPV group instead of nCPAP in the control group. The duration of NIPPV is according to the baby's respiratory condition.

placebo: 0.1% of Lemon VIP (Florasynth,Israel), spraying to the larynx.

placebo: 0.1% of Lemon VIP (Florasynth,Israel), spraying to the nose.